How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking process. Multiphysical modeling approach for basic oxygen steelmaking process. The bos method adds recycled scrap steel to the molten iron in a converter. Plant and equipment, metallurgical processes, chemistry, raw materials, products and byproducts. Chemistry of steelmaking by basic oxygen furnace ispatguru. Feb 25, 2016 basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. The openhearth process was in turn replaced by the basic oxygen process, which is. Primary steelmaking known as linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking 28. Pdf desphosphorization in ironmaking and oxygen steelmaking.
The oxygen steelmaking process is one of the most common and efficient steel production methods. Basic oxygen steelmaking journal of chemical education. The electric arc furnace uses primarily electrical energy to supply heat to melt scrap steel, sponge. Hydration of dicalcium silicate and diffusion through neoformed calciumsilicatehydrates at weathered surfaces control the longterm leaching behaviour of basic oxygen furnace bof steelmaking slag. Today the task and aim of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos technology is to supply molten steel produced from hot metal, scrap, flux and other coolantfuel charge just in time to meet the logistic requirements of a modern steel melt and continuous casting shop. Control of slopping inbasic oxygen steelmaking by george k. After the sample has been analyzed for carbon content, the results are sent back to the furnace operator. Pyrometallurgical removal of zinc from basic oxygen. Erosion is a problem in basic oxygen steelmaking furnaces when an oxygen lance is used, in blast furnaces when the tuyeres are in operation, and in glass tanks especially those that are gas fired. Bos basic oxygen furnace and the more modern eaf electric arc furnace methods.
The basic thermodynamic data for these reactions are well established, and the equilibrium carbon and oxygen contents may be readily calculated for all temperatures and pressures encountered in steelmaking. In both the acid bessemer and basic bessemer or thomas processes molten pig iron is refined by blowing air through it in an eggshaped vessel, known as a converter, of 1525 tonnes capacity. Dephosphorization strategies and modelling in oxygen. The openhearth process, which was developed in the 1860s, did not suffer from this difficulty, and it eventually outstripped the bessemer process to become the dominant steelmaking process until the mid20th century. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. This results in homogenous temperature and chemistry, higher yield and better phosphorus partition. History of basic oxygen steelmaking basic oxygen steelmaking bos is the process of making steel by blowing pure oxygen o2 in a liquid metal bath contained in a vessel which is known as basic oxygen furnace bof, ld converter, or simply converter. Oxidation is carried out with high purity oxygen gas which is blown in the bof. Primary steelmaking involves converting liquid iron from a blast furnace and steel scrap into steel via basic oxygen steelmaking, or melting scrap steel or direct reduced iron dri in an electric arc furnace. Dmitri kopeliovich basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag the basic oxygen process basic oxygen furnace, basic oxygen steelmaking, basic oxygen converter is the most powerful and effective steel making method.
Steelmaking is an extensive industry based on modifying the physical properties of iron to fit a wide range of applications by either adding alloying elements or removal of impurities. Modelling of basic oxygen steel making process has significant utility as productivity and lining life of basic oxygen steelmaking bos is highly dependable upon mass, momentum, energy transfer and rigorous interaction among metal, slag and. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and. This study profiles the major and minor constituents of slag from each furnace. Us3445101a cooling units for fume hood on basic oxygen. Sep 04, 1973 after the sample has been analyzed for carbon content, the results are sent back to the furnace operator. Today about 80 percent of the steel in germany is produced using this method. Basic oxygen steelmaking also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter.
Model development for refining rates in oxygen steelmaking. In iron and steel making using converter widely known as a basic oxygen furnace bof to remove carbon from molten pig iron is a mature process. Secondary steelmaking involves refining of the crude steel before casting and the various operations are normally carried out in ladles. It is therefore critical to maintain a slag composition that improves the phosphorus removal. The purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. Thomas4 optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify. Though it has been almost completely replaced by bof and eaf steelmaking in many highly industrialized countries, the open hearth nevertheless accounts for about onesixth of all steel produced worldwide.
Dec 08, 20 chemistry of steelmaking by basic oxygen furnace. Pdf multiphysical modeling approach for basic oxygen. Zinc removal from basic oxygen steelmaking filter cake was studied by tablet testing and in a millipot under different conditions. Bos is the most common and dominant primary steelmaking process used in the world today.
We have seen that the oxygen blowing onto hot metal to make liquid steel is quite important. Desulphurisation, ironmaking, steelmaking, hot metal desulphurisation methods, thermodynamics, kinetics a activity. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of. The name originates from the two austrian cities linz and donawitz where this method was first implemented. Bof and eaf steelmaking processes as a first step to estimate the unknown output streams, thereafter calculating the energy profile and drawing sankey diagram. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Numerical study of the gas distribution in an oxygen blast furnace. This is achieved by blowing oxygen into the melt to cause a decarburization in the melt which lowers the carbon content to between 0. The aim of this simulation convert approximately 250 tonnes of hot metal and scrap into steel. Physical and chemical characteristics of blast furnace. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf. At high temperatures, oxygen is blown through the metal, which reduces the carbon content to between 01. Basic oxygen process bop, a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blastfurnace iron and scrap. A thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies in partial fulfilent of the requirements for the degree.
The openhearth furnace ohf uses the heat of combustion of gaseous or liquid fuels to convert a charge of scrap and liquid blastfurnace iron to. Control of slopping in basic oxygen steelmaking by george k. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Most of the metallurgical work has been moved into secondary met. Steel duquesne works, basic oxygen steelmaking plant, along monongahela river, duquesne, allegheny county, pa contributor names historic american engineering record, creator u. The bos process uses pure oxygen, injected by a lance, for refining the relatively impure hot metal and scrap is used for temperature control.
The process is known as basic due to the chemical nature of the refractoriescalcium oxide and magnesium oxidethat line the vessel to withstand the high. Explore the basic oxygen steelmaking simulation to convert molten iron and recycled steel into new steel. Removal of impurity elements from hot metal is essential in basic oxygen steelmaking. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic. Steel is made by the bessemer, siemens open hearth, basic oxygen furnace, electric arc, electric highfrequency and crucible processes. Sulphur removal in ironmaking and oxygen steelmaking. Pdf thermodynamics of phosphorus and sulphur removal. Figure 151 is an idealized diagram showing the changes in concentrations of the elements in an ld metal bath during oxygen blowing. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Zinc removal from basic oxygen steelmaking bos filter. Basic oxygen steelmaking simulation steeluniversity. And the development of oxygen blowing technology is now the large part of steelmaking history. Pdf thermodynamics of phosphorus and sulphur removal during.
The basic oxygen steelmaking module is part of the steel manufacturing course. A brief discussion of the process is included in the following paragraphs. One of stateofart method to make steel from iron ore. The process is also called basic oxygen steelmaking. Zinc removal from basic oxygen steelmaking bos filter cake. Steel duquesne works, basic oxygen steelmaking plant. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at.
Basic oxygen steelmaking reactions iron and steelmaking ii. Dec 16, 2015 history of basic oxygen steelmaking basic oxygen steelmaking bos is the process of making steel by blowing pure oxygen o2 in a liquid metal bath contained in a vessel which is known as basic oxygen furnace bof, ld converter, or simply converter. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic heatreleasing reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into steel. Also, it can achieve further production cost reductions and productivity improvements in combination with highperformance ancillary equipment. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos is a method of creating steel that utilizes the blowing of pure oxygen to convert liquid iron and scrap into steel basic oxygen steelmaking. For low sulphur concentrations sm desulphurisation, with a decreased oxygen activity and a basic slag, is always required.
An alternative way of determining the carbon and temperature level of the bath is described in u. Recycling and reuse of basic oxygen furnace bof basic oxygen process bop in steelmaking slags continued based on previous research conducted by mtu, it is believed that steelmaking slag can be processed into highiron and noniron fractions. Supplementation of lactobacillus plantarum improves markers of metabolic dysfunction induced by a high fat diet. More than half the worlds steel is produced in the basic oxygen process bop, which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blastfurnace iron and scrap into steel. The development of a process charge expert system for a basic.
This module introduces the learner to the operation of the basic oxygen steelmaking furnace for the transformation of molten iron to steel. The presentations describes bof steelmaking process, factors affecting lining life and bof gas collection and cleaning. Oxygen steelmaking training dvd from the bcsa and tata steel. Sixstory buildings are needed to house the basic oxygen. Request pdf zinc removal from basic oxygen steelmaking filter cake by leaching with organic acids the dust generated from the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is a waste material mainly. In the case of japan, three types of slags, namely bf slag, bof slag, and eaf slag are mainly produced, which amount is shown in figure. The chemical reactions within the basic oxygen steelmaking process are given in eqs. Nov 14, 2016 the purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. When engineers in the early 1950s were looking for alternatives to the siemensmartin and thomas steelmaking processes, they could not have imagined that they would initiate a revolution in steel manufacturing with the development of the linzdonawitz ld converter also known as the basic oxygen furnace bof. Jan 06, 2011 describe the basic oxyzen steelmaking bos.
Dephosphorization during the latter part of the basic oxygen steelmaking process is very important because the conditions are favorable compared to other processes within primary and secondary steelmaking. The results from tablet testing show that coke and metallic iron. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Main components of the slags are cao, sio 2, al 2 o 3, mgo, and iron oxides, and the compositions of slags depend on the process. Understanding dephosphorization in basic oxygen furnaces mdpi. Eafs range in capacity from a few tons to as many as 400 tons, and a steelmaking shop can have from one to.
Thermodynamics of phosphorus and sulphur removal during basic oxygen steelmaking article pdf available november 2010 with 2,145 reads how we measure reads. Development of lowemission integrated steelmaking process development of lowemission integrated steelmaking process. Iron contains impurities in the form of silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and manganese. Various chemical reactions are initiated, either in sequence or simultaneously, in order to. The only drawback of the technology is, however, localised wear of refractories surrounding the element. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is converted into steel. Environmental science and pollution research 2018, 25 10. Oxidation of phosphorus from hot metal has been studied by several authors since the early days of steelmaking. Basic oxygen furnace an overview sciencedirect topics. Ironmaking and steelmaking slags are inevitably generated as a byproduct from ironmaking and steelmaking processes. Basic oxygen steelmaking article about basic oxygen. Zinc removal from basic oxygen steelmaking filter cake by.
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